# Farm accounting: collect agricultural invoice payments

Source: https://fragment.dev/solutions/farm-accounting

## How do you use Fragment for farm accounting?

For farm accounting, collect approved supply invoices by card through Fragment checkout. Record the invoice in your Ledger, then create a Payment with its invoice identifier. Fragment posts settlement and processing-fee accounting automatically, reducing the invoice's outstanding balance.

| Operation | Who handles it? |
| --- | --- |
| Authorize the supply invoice and collectible amount | Your application |
| Collect a card payment from the farmer | Fragment checkout and payments API |
| Post settlement and processing-fee accounting | Fragment, using your Payment Type |
| Record approved supply invoice | Your application posts `farm_invoice_approve` |

## Set up the Ledger and Payment Account

Use the [Quickstart](/guides/quickstart) to configure your SDK and create a Ledger with the [example schema](/examples/vertical-ai/agriculture--agricultural-input-supplier-payouts/schema.json). Use `farm-supplier` as its `ik`. Configure a Payment Account before collecting payments. The schema marks `assets/payments` with `payment: { "enabled": true }`.

- `assets/payments`
- `assets/receivables:<id>/outstanding`
- `income/supplies:<id>`
- `expenses/payment-fees`

The receivable records an approved, earned invoice. Settlement reduces the outstanding amount without recognizing that income twice. Processing fees are a separate expense.

| Account | What it tracks |
| --- | --- |
| `assets/payments` | Card receipts less processing fees |
| `assets/receivables:<invoice_id>/outstanding` | Uncollected invoice amount |
| `income/supplies:<invoice_id>` | Recognized income |
| `expenses/payment-fees` | Fragment processing fees |

## Record the approved invoice before collecting

Confirm delivered quantities, accepted grades, discounts, and the invoice total before collecting the farmer's payment. Post the approved invoice once before creating its Payment. The entry records the receivable and earned income. Your accounting policy determines the recognition date. Use the [AddLedgerEntry mutation](/examples/vertical-ai/AddLedgerEntry.graphql) with these variables.

```json title="AddLedgerEntry variables"
{
  "ik": "farm_invoice_approve-1-v1",
  "entry": {
    "ledger": {
      "ik": "farm-supplier"
    },
    "type": "farm_invoice_approve",
    "typeVersion": 1,
    "parameters": {
      "invoice_id": "1",
      "amount": "10000"
    }
  }
}
```

## Define the Payment Type

Add `farm_invoice` to `payments.types` in your Schema. Its `payment.amount` reads the server-approved `amount`. Add the settlement accounting below to these fields; the [complete schema](/examples/vertical-ai/agriculture--agricultural-input-supplier-payouts/schema.json) contains both.

```json title="Payment Type fields"
{
  "type": "farm_invoice",
  "typeVersion": 1,
  "status": "active",
  "payment": {
    "amount": "{{amount}}",
    "direction": "payin"
  }
}
```

Set `accounting.settled.lines` to these four lines. Fragment supplies `settled_amount` and `fragment_fee_amount`; your application supplies `invoice_id`. The farmer receives credit for the gross amount. The Payment Account receives that amount less the processing fee.

```json title="Settlement lines"
[
  {"key": "settlement", "account": {"path": "assets/payments"}, "amount": "{{settled_amount}}", "system": "payment_settlement_line"},
  {"key": "fee", "account": {"path": "assets/payments"}, "amount": "-{{fragment_fee_amount}}", "system": "payment_fee_line"},
  {"key": "receipt", "account": {"path": "assets/receivables:{{invoice_id}}/outstanding"}, "amount": "-{{settled_amount}}"},
  {"key": "fee-expense", "account": {"path": "expenses/payment-fees"}, "amount": "{{fragment_fee_amount}}"}
]
```

## Create a Payment from your backend

Resolve the approved supply invoice, payer, and amount from authenticated application records. Call `createPayment` with a stable idempotency key. Amounts are integer strings in USD cents. Return the Payment to your frontend; keep API credentials on your server.

```typescript title="Create a $100 card payment"
const { createPayment } = await fragment.createPayment({
  ik: 'farm_invoice-1-v1',
  ledgerIk: 'farm-supplier',
  type: 'farm_invoice',
  typeVersion: 1,
  parameters: { invoice_id: '1', amount: '10000' },
});
if (createPayment.__typename !== 'CreatePaymentResult') {
  throw new Error(createPayment.message);
}
return { payment: createPayment.payment };
```

## Embed Fragment checkout in your product

Mount `Checkout` inside `PaymentElements` from `@fragment-dev/payment-elements`. Pass the Payment returned by your backend and the payer's email. The Payment starts in `needs_payment_method`. Your Pay button calls `confirm()` to charge the card.

Checkout flow: your backend creates a Payment, your frontend renders Fragment checkout, and the customer confirms the card. [View the diagram](https://fragment.dev/solutions/farm-accounting#embed-fragment-checkout-in-your-product).

Place checkout in the supply invoice screen. Use `onConfirmed` to update that screen. Verify the Payment's settled status on your backend before marking the receipt available.

```typescript title="PaymentCheckout.tsx"
import { Checkout, PaymentElements, type Payment } from '@fragment-dev/payment-elements';
import { PayButton } from './PayButton';

type Props = { payment: Payment; email: string; onConfirmed: () => void };

export const PaymentCheckout = ({ payment, email, onConfirmed }: Props) => (
  <PaymentElements>
    <Checkout
      payment={payment}
      billingDetails={{ email }}
      onConfirmed={onConfirmed}
      onError={(message) => console.error(message)}
    >
      <PayButton />
    </Checkout>
  </PaymentElements>
);
```

Disable the Pay button until checkout can confirm the Payment. Show errors beside the form so the customer can correct their card details.

```typescript title="PayButton.tsx"
import { usePayment } from '@fragment-dev/payment-elements';

export const PayButton = () => {
  const { confirm, canConfirm, isConfirming, isLoading, error } = usePayment();
  return <>
    <button type="button" disabled={isLoading || !canConfirm || isConfirming}
      onClick={() => canConfirm && confirm()}>Pay by card</button>
    {error && <p role="alert">{error}</p>}
  </>;
};
```


## Inspect the allowed entry types

Fragment posts settlement accounting automatically. Your application posts the separate business entry after authorization. Do not submit native settlement entries through `addLedgerEntry`.

### `payment_farm_invoice_settled`

Records the gross card receipt and processing fee. Reduces the outstanding receivable.

### `farm_invoice_approve`

Record approved supply invoice. Post this entry once before collecting the invoice.

## Walk through the expected balances

These diagrams show a $100 approved invoice followed by its $100 card payment. The assumed $3 fee illustrates accounting; it is not a pricing quote. Fragment supplies the actual fee. Only `farm_invoice_approve` is posted by your application.

<a id="step-1-invoice-approved"></a>

### Step 1: invoice-approved

[Link to this step](https://fragment.dev/solutions/farm-accounting#step-1-invoice-approved)

Amount parameters, in cents: amount=10000. Expected outcome: `posted`.

Expected result: The assets/receivables:1/outstanding balance increases from 0 to 10,000 USD cents. The income balance increases from 0 to 10,000 USD cents.

Entry: `farm_invoice_approve`. Posted changes (USD cents):

- `assets/receivables:1/outstanding`: +10000
- `income/supplies:1`: +10000

Balances after this step (USD cents):

- `assets/payments`: 0
- `assets/receivables:1/outstanding`: 10000
- `income/supplies:1`: 10000
- `expenses/payment-fees`: 0

<a id="step-2-payment-settled"></a>

### Step 2: payment-settled

[Link to this step](https://fragment.dev/solutions/farm-accounting#step-2-payment-settled)

Amount parameters, in cents: settled_amount=10000, fragment_fee_amount=300. Expected outcome: `posted`.

Expected result: The assets/payments balance increases from 0 to 9,700 USD cents. The assets/receivables:1/outstanding balance decreases from 10,000 to 0 USD cents. The expenses/payment-fees balance increases from 0 to 300 USD cents.

Entry: `payment_farm_invoice_settled`. Posted changes (USD cents):

- `assets/payments`: +9700
- `assets/receivables:1/outstanding`: -10000
- `expenses/payment-fees`: +300

Balances after this step (USD cents):

- `assets/payments`: 9700
- `assets/receivables:1/outstanding`: 0
- `income/supplies:1`: 10000
- `expenses/payment-fees`: 300

## What happens if the card payment fails?

Store the Payment identifier with the supply invoice and operation key. A client callback alone does not establish settlement. Recover server-side status when the response is lost.

| Situation | Application behavior |
| --- | --- |
| Card is declined | Keep the receipt unavailable. Let the payer correct checkout or use the documented `retryPayment` flow. |
| Request times out | Recover the operation with its existing key and exact payload. |
| Payment remains processing | Display its pending state and avoid creating a second collection. |
| Payment settles | Use the automatically posted entries; do not post a second receipt. |

## Enforce the application-side input contract

Serialize collection attempts and cap each payment at the approved invoice balance. Payment settlement accounting does not enforce that collection limit. Bind the payer, Ledger, record, and amount on your server. The [application contract](/examples/vertical-ai/agriculture--agricultural-input-supplier-payouts/application-contract.json) records these checks.

| Check | Required behavior |
| --- | --- |
| Ownership | Resolve the record from the authenticated payer's permissions. |
| Amount | Validate positive integer cents against the approved amount. |
| Retry | Reuse each operation's key and exact payload. |
| Concurrent requests | Serialize decisions for the same record and recover in-flight operations. |

## Check the agriculture business rules

Confirm delivered quantities, accepted grades, discounts, and the invoice total before collecting the farmer's payment. Keep those decisions in the agricultural supplier's application and pass only approved identifiers and amounts to Fragment.

| Situation | Handling |
| --- | --- |
| Delivery quantity changes | Issue an approved invoice revision before charging. Preserve the original delivery evidence. |
| Seasonal buyer credit | Apply the approved credit when determining the collectible invoice amount. |
| Inventory and tax | Keep inventory valuation and tax calculations in the farm or supplier system. |

## Test the checkout and accounting flow

Use a sandbox Ledger and the [documented test cards](/guides/make-payments#testing). Compare actual entries with the [illustrative snapshots](/examples/vertical-ai/agriculture--agricultural-input-supplier-payouts/scenarios.json). The snapshots do not execute checkout or prove settlement.

1. Post the approved invoice once, then collect it through checkout.
2. Verify the Payment status, gross receipt, fee expense, and remaining balance.
3. Retry with the same key and verify that the operation does not duplicate its financial effect.
4. Test a decline, a lost response, and concurrent collection requests.

## Sources and companion files

- [Make Payments: Payment Types and embedded checkout](/guides/make-payments)
- [Quickstart: SDK and Ledger setup](/guides/quickstart)
- [Posting Ledger Entries](/guides/post-ledger-entries)
- [Payment schema](/examples/vertical-ai/agriculture--agricultural-input-supplier-payouts/schema.json)
- [Illustrative accounting results](/examples/vertical-ai/agriculture--agricultural-input-supplier-payouts/scenarios.json)
- [Payment and Ledger Entry request variables](/examples/vertical-ai/agriculture--agricultural-input-supplier-payouts/requests.json)
- [Application contract](/examples/vertical-ai/agriculture--agricultural-input-supplier-payouts/application-contract.json)